Του Γιώργου Λεκάκη
Μικροβίωμα λέγεται, γενικώς, η
κοινότητα των μικροβίων, που ζει στο πεπτικό σύστημα.
Τα μικρόβια του εντέρου, τα
οποία φιλοξενούνται από μωρά, που γεννήθηκαν κατά τους πρώτους μήνες των
εγκλεισμών (lockdown) για τον COVID-19, διαφέρουν από αυτά των μωρών, που
γεννήθηκαν πριν από την πανδημία.
Μια μελέτη διαπίστωσε ότι τα
μικροβιώματα των μωρών αυτών ήταν λίγο διαφορετικά.
Κατά την πρώιμη παιδική
ηλικία, όταν το μικροβίωμα του εντέρου αναπτύσσεται ταχύτερα. Είναι σημαντικό να
σημειωθεί ότι η διαταραχή του μικροβιώματος του εντέρου, κατά την διάρκεια
αυτής της ευαίσθητης περιόδου, μπορεί να έχει δυνητικά μακροχρόνιες επιπτώσεις
στην υγεία και την ανάπτυξη.
Μια άλλη μελέτη (που δεν έχει
ακόμη αξιολογηθεί από κριτές) διαπίστωσε ότι τα μωρά 12 μηνών, είχαν
περισσότερο ένα είδος βακτηριδίου, που προωθείται από τον θηλασμό και λιγότερο
από ένα άλλο είδος, που συνήθως συλλέγεται από το περιβάλλον.
Είναι δύσκολο να
ξεκαθαρίσουμε πώς αυτές οι αλλαγές μπορεί να επηρεάσουν την συνολική υγεία και
την ανάπτυξη, αλλά το τροποποιημένο μικροβίωμα προέβλεψε έντονα τον κίνδυνο
ανάπτυξης εκζέματος και αλλεργιών.
Οι αλλαγές στο μικροβίωμα του
εντέρου, λόγω της πανδημίας, εμφανίσθηκαν σχετικώς γρήγορα μετά την έναρξη της
πανδημίας και διατηρήθηκαν.
ΠΗΓΗ: L. Tozer «COVID lockdowns
altered babies’ microbiomes», PMID: 37759121 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-02994-8, doi:
10.1038/d41586-023-02994-8, pubmed, 27.9.2023. Και «COVID
lockdowns altered babies’ microbiomes – Isolation can have lasting effects on
the composition of microbes in the gut, but links to other health conditions
are still poorly understood», Nature, 27.9.2023. ΑΡΧΕΙΟΝ ΠΟΛΙΤΙΣΜΟΥ, 28.9.2023.
ΒΙΒΛΙΟΓΡΑΦΙΑ:
– Querdasi Fr. R., κ.ά. «A comparison of the infant gut microbiome before
versus after the start of the covid-19 pandemic», Scientific Reports, vol. 13, αρ: 13289 (2023), 16.8.2023.
– Korpela K. κ.ά. «Gut microbiome predicts atopic diseases in an
infant cohort with reduced bacterial exposure due to social distancing», https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.03.22.23287583
, medrxiv, 22.3.2023.
– Kang, Y., κ.ά. «Allergol»,
Immunopathol, 46, 281–290 (2018).
– Hessami K., κ.ά. JAMA Netw. Open 5, e2238941 (2022).
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and resulting public health directives, led to many
changes in families’ social and material environments. Prior research suggests
that these changes are likely to impact composition of the gut microbiome,
particularly during early childhood when the gut microbiome is developing most
rapidly. Importantly, disruption to the gut microbiome during this sensitive
period can have potentially long-lasting impacts on health and development. In
the current study, we compare gut microbiome composition among a
socioeconomically and racially diverse group of 12-month old infants living in
New York City who provided stool samples before the pandemic (N = 34) to a
group who provided samples during the first 9-months of the pandemic
(March – December 2020; N = 20). We found that infants sampled during the
pandemic had lower alpha diversity of the microbiome, lower abundance of
Pasteurellaceae and Haemophilus, and significantly different beta diversity
based on unweighted Unifrac distance than infants sampled before the pandemic.
Exploratory analyses suggest that gut microbiome changes due to the pandemic
occurred relatively quickly after the start of the pandemic and were sustained.
Our results provide evidence that pandemic-related environmental disruptions
had an impact on community-level taxonomic diversity of the developing gut
microbiome, as well as abundance of specific members of the gut bacterial
community.
Lockdown babies’ microbiomes are different
The gut microbes harboured by babies – born during the early months of the
COVID-19 lockdowns – differ from those of babies born beforeprior to the
pandemic. One study found that lockdown babies’ microbiomes — the community of
microbes that live in the digestive tract — were less diverse. Another study
(that has not yet been peer-reviewed) found that 12-month-oldat 12 months,
lockdown babies had more of a a type of bacterial species promoted by breastfeeding
and less of another that is usually picked up from the environment. It’s hard
to unravel how these changes might affect overall health and development, but
the altered microbiome strongly predicted the risk of developing eczema and
allergies. – Nature.
Επίσης:
Το εμβόλιο mRNA BNT162b2 (BioNTech-Pfizer) και mRNA-1273 (Moderna) ανιχνεύθηκε στους μασχαλιαίους λεμφαδένες στην πλειονότητα των ασθενών που πέθαναν εντός 30 ημερών από τον εμβολιασμό, αλλά όχι σε ασθενείς που πέθαναν περισσότερο από 30 ημέρες από τον εμβολιασμό.
ΠΗΓΗ: Ar. J. Krauson “Duration of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine persistence and factors associated with cardiac involvement in recently vaccinated patients”, npj Vaccines, volume 8, αρ: 141 (2023), Nature, 27.9.2023. ΑΡΧΕΙΟΝ ΠΟΛΙΤΙΣΜΟΥ, 28.9.2023.
Abstract
At the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, the BNT162b2 (BioNTech-Pfizer) and mRNA-1273 (Moderna) mRNA vaccines were expediently designed and mass produced. Both vaccines produce the full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike protein for gain of immunity and have greatly reduced mortality and morbidity from SARS-CoV-2 infection. The distribution and duration of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine persistence in human tissues is unclear. Here, we developed specific RT-qPCR-based assays to detect each mRNA vaccine and screened lymph nodes, liver, spleen, and myocardium from recently vaccinated deceased patients. Vaccine was detected in the axillary lymph nodes in the majority of patients dying within 30 days of vaccination, but not in patients dying more than 30 days from vaccination. Vaccine was not detected in the mediastinal lymph nodes, spleen, or liver. Vaccine was detected in the myocardium in a subset of patients vaccinated within 30 days of death. Cardiac ventricles in which vaccine was detected had healing myocardial injury at the time of vaccination and had more myocardial macrophages than the cardiac ventricles in which vaccine was not detected. These results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines routinely persist up to 30 days from vaccination and can be detected in the heart.
