Του Γιώργου Λεκάκη
Ένα μοναδικό αρχαίο ελληνικό
κεραμικό σφαιρικό αγγείο, από το Hacilar της Ανατολίας, της Μέσης Χαλκολιθικής
περιόδου, ηλικίας 7.000 χρόνων και ύψους 16,5 εκατ. ξεπουλιέται σε δημοπρασία από την J.Bagot Arqueología της Βαρκελώνης στην Ισπανία…
Θυμίζω ότι το νυν Hacilar ευρίσκεται
23 χλμ. νότια από το αρχαίο ελληνικό Πολύδωρο / νυν Μπουρντούρ, και έχει
δώσει ευρήματα 9.000 χρόνων! – ΔΙΑΒΑΣΤΕ: Γ. Λεκάκης “Η άγνωστη Μικρά Ασία”. Η περιοχή είναι καταληστευμένη. Κάποια από τα
σημαντικά ευρήματά του, ευρίσκονται τώρα διασκορπισμένα σε διάφορα μουσεία του
κόσμου, όπως η θεά της γονιμότητας (5250 – 5000 π.Χ. – στο Εθνικό Αρχαιολογικό
Μουσείο Φλωρεντίας), αγγείο (6ης χιλιετίας π.Χ. – στο Εθνικό Μουσείο
Ανατολικής Τέχνης στο Palazzo Brancaccio στην Ρώμη), κ.α.
«Ανήκε» λένε σε ιδιωτική
συλλογή (ανωνύμου;), στο Λονδίνο, η οποία δημιουργήθηκε μεταξύ 1960 και 1980.
Προηγουμένως ανήκε στην ιδιωτική συλλογή της Elsa Bloch-Diener, στην Βέρνη
Ελβετίας, η οποία δημιουργήθηκε την δεκαετία του 1970.
Το αγγείο αναφέρεται στην
έκδοση «Αισθητική / Aisthetike» της J. Bagot Arqueología, Βαρκελώνη, 2018, εικ.
13.
Το ανεκτίμητον… εκτιμάται 21.000
ευρώ!
ΠΗΓΗ: ΑΡΧΕΙΟΝ ΠΟΛΙΤΙΣΜΟΥ, 22.6.2021.
A biconic vase with a flat circular base converging into the body with a
gently angled profile. The straight neck seems to end in a slightly inverted
lip and is decorated with two continuous lines of zigzag framed by two bands of
red triangular forms. The body shows an innovation: the lines are ochre, the colour
of the pottery, so the artist has inverted the method of painting. Four red
triangular bands make up the zigzag decoration. A similar piece of pottery was
sold at Christie’s in 2003, in New York.
Around the year 7040 BC, in what is present-day Hacilar Höyük (in Turkey
in the region of Anatolia), a pre-historic herding-agricultural culture
developed and existed over almost 2000 years. Archaeologists have named this
the “Hacilar Culture”. This site, totally excavated by English specialists, can
be found in the orbit called the Fertile Crescent, where the Eastern Neolithic
revolution had its origin. The importance of this geographic zone, which takes
in the Levant, southern Anatolia and Mesopotamia, lies in the fact that it was
where a fundamental change took place in human societies: they passed from a
nomad existence to a sedentary, more organized form in which farming and animal
husbandry were fostered to the detriment of hunting, fishing, and principally,
gathering activities.
The constructions found in Hacilar were made of adobe, sun-dried brick,
just like those in the other Anatolian cultures of this epoch, especially those
in the nearby Çatal Höyuk. However, at the former site a certain architectural
symmetry and spatial planning can be appreciated such as streets, places and
bordered areas, among which temples and fortifications stand out. Although
unpainted pottery dating from the beginning of the 6th millennium is conserved,
from 5300 BC on, decorated vases with geometric designs begin the appear, as do
statuettes of animals and solid figures, possibly representing divinities
related to fertility (Museum of Archaeology, Ankara n.522).
The pottery is of great quality, moulded by hand, fired in open ovens,
and decorated with red paint over a buff-coloured base with geometric motifs or
stylized figures. There is a great variety of morphology (ovoid, cylindrical,
hyperboloid forms) and small tubular handles placed vertically near the
carinated profile. Given the formal characteristics and the decoration, the
vases mentioned here come from Levels II A and B, and correspond to the
chronology between the years 5400 – 5250 BC.
According to some anthropologists, the zigzag lines may refer to rivers
and streams, while others says that they refer to the routes marked by cattle
while they graze. In any case, the inclusion of animals and feminine figures in
the Neolithic aesthetic would be associated with the transformation of human
activity, leading to the representation of steatopygian goddesses (those with wide
buttocks).
ΒΙΒΛΙΟΓΡΑΦΙΑ – BIBLIOGRAPHY:
– MELLART, J. Excavations at Hacilar. Vol. 1 y 2, Εδιμβούργο / Edinburgh. 1970.
– MELLART, J. “Excavations at Hacilar, 4th Preliminary Report”,
Anatolian Studies, 11. 1961. σελ. 39-75.
– RICE, P.M. Pottery Analysis: a Sourcebook, εκδ. University Chicago Press.
1987. σελ. 10-12.
– VANDEPUT, L. “The British Institute at Ankara: 60 years young”,
Anatolian Studies, 58. 2008. σελ. 1-14.
– YAKAR, J. “The Language of Symbols in Prehistoric Anatolia”, Documenta
Praehistorica, 2005. σελ. 111-
121.
